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KONRAD HENLEIN FULL
Several ethnic groups and territories with different historical, political, and economic traditions were blended into the new state structure when the full boundaries of the country, encompassing Bohemia, Moravia, Slovakia and a small part of Silesia, were finally established in the Czechoslovak Constitution of 1920. A temporary constitution was adopted, and in November 1918, Masaryk was declared president of the First Czechoslovak Republic. The independence of Czechoslovakia was officially proclaimed ten days later in Prague in the Smetana Hall of the Municipal House. Throughout the 19th century, the rise of nationalist movements, mounting ethnic tensions and repressive religious and ethnic policies, such as the forced Magyarization of Slovaks, pushed the cohesion of the multi-national Austro-Hungarian Empire to its breaking point.ĭespite cultural differences, the Slovaks shared similar aspirations with the Czechs for independence from the Habsburg state, and by the start of the 20th century, the idea of a “Czecho-Slovak” entity, advocated by Czech and Slovak intellectuals began to emerge.ĭuring the First World War, Tomáš Masaryk, Edvard Beneš and Slovak astronomer Milan Štefánik founded the Czechoslovak National Council who worked to secure Allied recognition. During that time, more than 90,000 Czech and Slovak volunteers formed the Czechoslovak Legions in Russia, France and Italy, where they fought against the Central Powers.įollowing the Pittsburgh Agreement of May 1918, which prescribed the intent to create an independent Czechoslovakia, the Czechoslovak declaration of independence was signed by Masaryk, Štefánik and Beneš on October 18, 1918 in Paris.
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Ww2dbase Sources: the Last Lion, Wikipedia.On October 28, 1918, the independence of Czechoslovakia was proclaimed by the Czechoslovak National Council in Prague, following the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire during the First World War.Īfter its defeat at the Battle of White Mountain in 1620, the Kingdom of Bohemia was gradually integrated into the Habsburg monarchy as one of its three principal parts, alongside the Archduchy of Austria and the Kingdom of Hungary. He was arrested by Allied troops at the end of the war and committed suicide at Plzeň. Henlein received the title of SS Gruppenführer and, as the Gauleiter of the regional branch of the Nazi Party, governed Sudetenland. After the annexation, the Sudetendeutsche Partei merged into the Nazi Party on. The Sudetenland issue eventually led to the Munich Agreement of where European powers agreed to cede the region under German control.
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By 1938, Henlein was advertising to the world his wishes to see an independent Sudetenland, while he was secretly on Berlin's payroll and receiving directions from Adolf Hitler and Joachim von Ribbentrop. By now the leader of the violent Sudetendeutsche Partei, Henlein instigated many incidences of these "acts of oppression". Starting in 1938, the Nazi propaganda machine fabricated false stories of the three million ethnic Germans being oppressed in Czechoslovakia. In 1933, he became a prominent figure of the pro-German Sudetendeutsche Partei, which became the second largest political party in Czechoslovakia after the election. A quarter German by blood, in mid-1930s he decided being pro-German would progress his political career. During the inter-war years he worked for a bank in Sudetenland region of Czechoslovakia while becoming active in politics. He attended a German business academy in Liberec and served in the Austrian Army during WW1. Ww2dbaseKonrad Henlein was born in north Bohemian Maffersdorf, Czechoslovakia.